Iran: "Das ist erst der Anfang einer Revolution"
WELT AM SONNTAG: Im Iran hat es bei Zusammenstößen zwischen Demonstranten und Polizei erneut Verletzte gegeben. Mit Sorge schaut Abolhassan Banisadr, der erste Präsident der Islamischen Republik, auf sein Land. Das Regime habe dem Volk den Krieg erklärt, sagt er. Einen Sturz der Führung hält er jedoch für möglich.

Er war ein Vordenker der "islamischen Revolution" im Iran 1979. Der Ökonom und Theologe Abolhassan Banisadr, 76, lernte Ayatollah Khomeini in Paris kennen und wurde 1980 der erste Präsident der Islamischen Republik Iran. Weil er gegen die massenhaften Hinrichtungen im Zuge der Revolution protestierte, wurde er 1981 abgesetzt. Er lebt unter Polizeischutz in Paris.

Welt am Sonntag: Herr Banisadr, was halten Sie von der Rede des Revolutionsführers Ali Chamenei an die Iraner beim Freitagsgebet?

Abolhassan Banisadr: : Das war eine Kriegserklärung - gegen einen Teil des Systems und gegen die Bevölkerung. Chamenei hat die Bevölkerung gewarnt, auf die Straße zu gehen. Und er hat mit Konsequenzen gedroht, wenn Mussawi und die Seinen die Proteste nicht beenden. Ex-Premierminister Mussawi ist Teil des Systems, das hat Chamenei selbst betont. Aber damit hat der Revolutionsführer auch zugegeben, dass es einen Bruch innerhalb des Systems gibt. Dass es einen Bruch zwischen Herrschenden und Volk gibt. Er hat die Frage nach dem Fortbestand der Islamischen Republik gestellt. Das ist eine sehr gefährliche Frage für Chamenei.

Welt am Sonntag: : Glauben Sie also, dass der Sturz des Regimes bevorsteht?

Banisadr: : Das kann ich nicht mit Gewissheit sagen. Ich bin sicher, dass das Volk die Proteste fortsetzen wird. Mehr Sorgen mache ich mir um Herrn Mussawi. Wenn er Chameneis Drohung nachgibt, dann wird der Bruch zwischen System und Volk endgültig. Dann wird es langfristig noch mehr Gewalt geben, weil die Unterdrückung sehr viel brutaler werden wird. Wenn Mussawi nicht einknickt, wird der Übergang zur Demokratie wesentlich beschleunigt.

Welt am Sonntag: : Wen repräsentiert Mussawi?

Banisadr: : Diejenigen am Rande des Regimes, die nicht direkt an der Macht beteiligt sind und immer geglaubt haben, das System sei reformierbar. Das sind auch die meisten Mullahs in Qom. Die großen Kleriker, die Weggefährten Khomeinis, haben alle Mussawi gewählt.

Welt am Sonntag: : Was meinen Sie als einer der Väter dieses Systems: Ist es reformierbar?

Banisadr: : Letztlich nicht. Weil die Islamische Republik vollkommen auf die Person des Revolutionsführer ausgerichtet ist. Die Macht müsste sich selbst demontieren.

Welt am Sonntag: : Mit ihren Parolen und den Liedern beschwören die Demonstranten Parallelen zur islamischen Revolution von 1979. Sehen Sie die auch?

Banisadr: : Das Schah-Regime war viel schwächer als Chamenei heute. Und das Bewusstsein, dass es beseitigt werden muss, war viel allgemeiner. Was wir heute sehen, ist erst der Anfang einer Revolution. >>> Von Daniel-Dylan Böhmer | Sonntag, 21. Juni 2009

Iran’s Dictator Gives Up Pretence of Democracy
THE SUNDAY TIMES: Just before noon on Friday, June 19, the Islamic republic died in Iran. Its death was announced by its “supreme guide”, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who had come to praise the system but buried it instead. Khamenei was addressing supporters on the campus of Tehran University, transformed into a mosque for the occasion. Many had expected him to speak as a guide, an arbiter of disputes – a voice for national reconciliation. Instead, he spoke as a rabble rouser and a tinpot despot.

At issue was the June 12 presidential election that millions of Iranians, perhaps a majority, believe was rigged to ensure the re-election of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad with a two-thirds majority. Since its inception in 1979, the Islamic republic has organised 31 elections at different levels. All have been carefully scripted, with candidates pre-approved by the regime and no independent mechanism for oversight.

Nevertheless, the results were never contested because most Iranians believed the regime would not cheat within the limits set by itself. Elections in the Islamic republic resembled primaries in American political parties in which all candidates are from the same political family but the contest is free and fair. The June 12 election was exceptional because three of the four candidates challenged the results.

Once the initial shock had passed, everyone looked to the supreme leader to find a way out of the impasse. Instead, Khamenei came out with a long lyrical monologue, hailing the election as a “miracle” and a “triumph for Islam”. Never before had Khamenei commented on the results of elections beyond accepting them as an expression of the popular will. The Khomeinist system was supposed to be 80% theocracy and 20% democracy, regardless of how bizarre the combination looked.

On Friday, the 20% democratic part disappeared, as Iran was transformed from an Islamic republic into an Islamic emirate headed by the Emir al-Momeneen (Commander of the Faithful) Ali Khamenei. As Iranians marched in the street in support of more freedom and democracy, Khamenei served notice that he was determined to lead the country in the opposite direction.

A sign that the self-appointed emir wanted to jettison the republican part of the system was there for all to see. The diminutive Ahmadinejad was relegated to the third rung of the faithful praying behind Khamenei. Sandwiched between two mullahs with giant turbans, he was almost hidden from public view. For almost a week the usually voluble Ahmadinejad has been kept off the airwaves. Suddenly the office of the president has become irrelevant. Ahmadinejad is there not because the people wanted him but because the emir found “his views closer to mine than the views of others”. >>> Amir Taheri* | Sunday, June 21, 2009

*Amir Taheri is an Iranian journalist and author

Clashes Show Depth of Fury
THE SUNDAY TIMES: Yesterday’s open defiance of the supreme leader was astonishing and shows how fast events are moving in Iran

The two men cradled the woman as she collapsed backwards onto the street, a pool of blood at her feet. The men pressed their hands on to a bullet wound in her neck as her hands fell limp above her shoulders.

Within seconds, her eyes rolled sideways and her pale features were obscured by haemorrhaging from her nose and mouth. Her would-be rescuers shrieked in panic. There was nothing they could do to save her.

The scene, captured on a number of mobile phones, unfolded yesterday in Tehran as protesters fought running battles with riot police and militia on the streets of the Iranian capital.

Another video showed hundreds of people milling about in a street with fires burning in the road. Some were collecting rocks. A helicopter buzzed overhead.

At least five shots were heard and soon after a group of men raced through the crowd carrying a man by his arms and legs. His head was lolling. He was laid on the ground and a crowd gathered. A large blood stain filled the centre of his white shirt. He lay still and appeared to be dead.

Yet more footage emerged of young men throwing stones at riot police. A number shouted “Death to Khamenei!”, underlining the seriousness of the protests. As supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei traditionally occupies an untouchable position in Iranian society.

There was also video of a member of the security forces who had been knocked off his motorbike. A black-clad woman tried to protect him as a number of people, many of them wearing suits, kicked and punched him. A motorbike was on fire a few feet away.

Last night these videos revealed the extent of the defiance of the regime that has sprung from last week’s disputed presidential election. Yesterday tens of thousands of supporters of Mir Hossein Mousavi, who claim Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the incumbent, stole victory in the election, poured on to the streets again. They were confronted with water cannon, tear gas and targeted gunfire.

The largest crowd gathered near the University of Tehran, after evading a riot police cordon which had tried to disperse them. Soon a volley of 20-30 shots rang out - which state television later claimed were warning shots - and the group broke up into roaming knots of protesters. Street battles then erupted as they took the fight to police with rocks.

As night fell it was unclear how many people had been killed or injured in the clashes. What was certain was that Iran was entering uncharted territory. >>> Marie Colvin in Tehran | Sunday, June 21, 2009

YOUTUBE: Basij Kills Young Girl in Tehran's Streets (Warning: Graphic)


Hat tip: Pastorius >>>

The Downfall of the Mullocracy That Is Iran Is Nearer Than Most People Think
Just wait! You might not have to wait very long! - ©Mark

Mir-Hossein Mousavi 'Ready for Martyrdom' as Iranians Defy Supreme Leader
THE TELEGRAPH: Iran's defeated presidential candidate Mir-Hossein Mousavi on Saturday night told his supporters he was ready for martyrdom, and demanded that the entire disputed election be annulled.

He dramatically raised the stakes in the standoff with Iran's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, after publishing a letter to the country's highest electoral authority in which he cited examples of electoral fraud to support his "undeniable right" to call for a re-run of the election.

Mr Mousavi made his defiant call during a speech delivered in southwest Tehran, according to an ally, who telephoned a western news agency shortly afterwards to report: "Mousavi said he was ready for martyrdom and that he would continue his path."

A witness told Reuters that Mr Mousavi had called for a national strike if he was arrested.

It was an unprecedented act in defiance of Ayatollah Khamenei, who has declared President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad the winner of the June 12 election and on Friday ordered an end to protests by demonstrators who say Mousavi was the winner. >>> By Angus McDowall | Saturday, June 20, 2009

Iran: A Picture Paints a Thousand Words
The bloody face of Islamic theocracy. Photo: MailOnline via Twitter

Chaos – Tehran Riots (June 20) : BBC Farsi – Basij Open Fire into Crowds

Blutige Zusammenstöße im Iran: Polizei greift Demonstranten mit Schlagstöcken an
WELT ONLINE: Wasserwerfer, Tränengas und Schlagstöcke: Die Lage im Iran ist eskaliert. Bewaffnete Polizei stellte sich den Anhängern der Opposition entgegen. Augenzeugen berichten von bis zu 60 schwer Verletzten. Dem Oppositionsführer Mussawi drohte die iranische Regierung mit Verhaftung.

Bild: Welt Online
Der Machtkampf im Iran ist am Samstag weiter eskaliert. Polizei und regierungstreue Milizen gingen mit Wasserwerfern, Tränengas und Schlagstöcken gegen Anhänger der Opposition vor, die einem Demonstrationsverbot trotzten.

Augenzeugen berichteten von heftigen Zusammenstößen in der Nähe des Revolutionsplatzes in Teheran. Rund 3.000 Demonstranten protestierten dort gegen das offizielle Ergebnis der Präsidentenwahl und riefen „Tod der Diktatur“ und „Tod dem Diktator“.

Polizei und regierungstreue Milizen hätten 50 bis 60 Demonstranten so schwer verletzt, dass sie in das Imam-Chomeini-Krankenhaus gebracht werden mussten, sagten Augenzeugen der Nachrichtenagentur AP. Mehrere blutende Demonstranten seien von Mitstreitern weggetragen worden. Einige der Protestierenden hätten daraufhin Motorräder der Milizen in Brand gesteckt. >>> AP | Samstag, 20. Juni 2009

French Women May Face Ban on Head-to-toe Islamic Dress
Veiled women demonstrating in Paris in 2004 against the law banning the covering of heads in state schools. Photo: TimesOnline
TIMES ONLINE: France could bar Muslim women from wearing full veils in public, a government minister said yesterday as parliament took action over concerns about an increase in women who are wearing the niqab and burka in big cities.

The latest controversy over dress habits among France’s six million Muslims follows public differences this month between Presidents Obama and Sarkozy over the merits of legislating on religious clothing.

A group of 58 MPs from the Left and Right called on Wednesday for parliament to react to the phenomenon of women who are adopting what they called oppressive head-to-toe Islamic dress that “breaches individual freedoms”.

Luc Chatel, the Industry Minister and government spokesman, supported the MPs. “If it were determined that wearing the burka is a submissive act, and that it is contrary to republican principles, naturally parliament would have to draw the necessary conclusions,” he said.

Asked whether that would mean legislation, he replied: “Why not?”

The new debate over Muslim dress is reviving passions that surrounded France’s 2004 law banning religious headcover in state schools. André Gerin, a Communist MP, led the motion for an inquiry, calling the burka and niqab “a moving prison” for women.

Women’s groups, including some Muslim-led ones, back new measures against the practices of a growing but still small minority of radical Muslims.

Fadela Amara, a rights campaigner of Algerian background, who is the Housing Minister, said that she was alarmed by the number of women “who are being put in this kind of tomb”. She added: “We must do everything to stop burkas from spreading.” >>> Charles Bremner in Paris | Saturday, June 20. 2009

Les manifestations à Téhéran (Aujourd’hui ?)
Voici une vidéo diffusée via le réseau de microblogging Twitter et censée figurer les émeutes en cours. Les documents trouvés sur Internet étant difficiles à sourcer et à vérifier, ces images sont à prendre avec précaution. [Source: Le Figaro]

LE FIGARO: Iran : heurts entre pro
et anti-Ahmadinejad : MINUTE PAR MINUTE - Malgré les menaces du pouvoir, les iraniens qui contestent la victoire de Mahmoud Ahmadinejad manifestent samedi et affrontent la police anti-émeutes. Un attentat-suicide a été commis contre le mausolée de l'ayatollah Khomeiny. >>> Samuel Laurent (lefigaro.fr) avec agences | Samedi 20 Juin 2009

NZZ Online: Lage in Teheran spitzt sich zu: Polizei geht gegen verbotene Demonstration vor – Selbstmordattentat

Im Konflikt um die iranische Präsidentenwahl ist es in Teheran zu Zusammenstössen zwischen Demonstranten und der Polizei gekommen. Gegen die Anhänger der Opposition wurden Tränengas und Wasserwerfer eingesetzt. Vor dem Mausoleum von Ayatollah Khomeinyi hat sich ein Selbstmordattentäter in die Luft gesprengt.

In der iranischen Hauptstadt Teheran hat sich am Samstag ein Selbstmordattentäter vor dem Mausoleum von Ajatollah Khomeinyi selbst getötet und zwei Personen verletzt. Das meldete die iranische Nachrichtenagentur Fars. Ob es einen Zusammenhang zu den Massenprotesten der Opposition nach den Präsidentenwahlen gibt, war zunächst völlig unklar. Das Mausoleum des islamischen Revolutionsführers Khomeinyi gilt vielen Iranern als Heiligtum. >>> sda/dpa/afp | Samstag, 20. Juni 2009

Iran Police 'Use Gas' on Protesters
AL JAZEERA: Iranian police have reportedly used tear gas and water cannon against thousands of people gathering to protest against the disputed re-election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Iran's president.



Protesters tried to reach Revolution Square in the centre of the capital Tehran for a planned protest on Saturday, despite warnings from police that they would be arrested.

Police had blocked access to the square and Ahmadreza Radan, the deputy national police commander, had said they would "strongly confront any illegal gatherings and those without permission".



"Those who pull people to the streets should know that by a judicial decree they will be prosecuted by law and they will be arrested." Roads blocked >>>

'Bomb Explodes' As Thousands Protest In Iran
SKY NEWS: A bomb has exploded in Tehran near the shrine of Iran's revolutionary founder as thousands of people protest at the result of the country's election, reports say.

At least one person was killed and two others injured close to the shrine of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, said the Fars news agency.

Reports said it was a suicide bombing and the attacker died.

Elsewhere in the Iranian capital, police are using tear gas and water cannon on protesters, according to witnesses.

Reports said many people have defied Government warnings that any protests would be suppressed.

Eyewitnesses say some 3,000 protesters chanted "Death to the dictator!" and "Death to dictatorship!" near Revolution Square in the city centre.

Riot police were sent out on to the streets following a demand by Iran's supreme leader for the demonstrations to end. >>> | Saturday, June 20, 2009

ASSOCIATED PRESS: Web Support Pours Out for Iran Protesters

NEW YORK — Google and Facebook have rushed out services in Farsi. Twitter users have changed their home cities to Tehran to provide cover for Internet users there. Others have configured their computers to serve as relay points to bypass Iranian censorship.

In the aftermath of the disputed Iranian election, Internet companies and individuals around the world have stepped in to help Iranians communicate and organize.

Twitter delayed a scheduled maintenance shutdown so that people could continue to access the microblogging site while scores of Americans set up remote proxy servers so Iranians could access blocked Web sites from inside their country.

All week, Internet users in the U.S. and around the world fixed their eyes on the events unfolding in Iran, the way viewers might have been glued to their television sets 30 years ago. But unlike 30, or even five years ago, this time they could participate. >>> Associated Press | Saturday, June 20, 2009

Who’d Want to Be Ruled by Boring Old Farts in Iran?
Isn’t it high time that Obama spoke up for freedom? Isn’t it high time he stood by the side of the young people of Iran who are so obviously crying out for help to overthrow the tyranny they have to live with, and live under?

Obama said that he didn’t want to ‘meddle’ in the internal affairs of Iran. When did the idea of ‘meddling’ ever stop Obama before? He has meddled in the US car industry, he has meddled in banking affairs, he is meddling in the health-care industry, and he is going to meddle in European affairs, by insisting that the EU accept Turkey as a member state, even though most Europeans want nothing to do with the accession of that predominantly and backward nation to the Union. Yet, when it comes to ‘meddling’ in the affairs of Iran, Obama wants nothing to do with it. Funny that! Strange that!

Iran suppresses its people. Iran’s system is totally corrupt. Iran is brutal with the Iranians. Iran is totally un-democratic. Iran is also enriching uranium under our noses in order to get the atomic bomb; yet Obama feels that it would be wrong to ‘meddle’ in its internal affairs.

For God’s sake, Obama, this is a gift on a plate for you! The young of Iran have done all the work. It is high time, therefore, that the situatiuon be exploited. The vast majority of the educated people of Iran do not want the theocracy they have to live under. This has become self-evident in the last few days. Instead, these demonstrators want their human rights and freedom. They want freedom from tyranny, freedom to live their lives as they choose. Yet the best thing that you, Obama, can come up with is that you don’t want to ‘meddle’.

What a weak, lame excuse! It’s time for you to grow a backbone. It’s time for you, Obama, to get tough. It is not in the best interests of the world for this corrupt system to survive. After all, who the hell would want to be ruled by boring, old, bloodthirsty farts like the mullahs of Iran? And who wants to allow them to stay in power long enough to get the atomic bomb.– ©Mark

All Rights Reserved

PS: Do you want to know what a “boring old fart” looks like? If so, click here >>>

Kent Ekeroth interviewed on Covert Radio - Islamization in Sweden

Hat tip: European Alliance for Rational Thought >>>

New Dark Age Alert! Loi controversée: La Lituanie interdit toute publicité de l'homosexualité
LE POINT: Le parlement de Lituanie a adopté mardi une loi sur la "protection des mineurs", interdisant en particulier de faire dans ce pays toute "publicité" pour les relations homosexuelles, bisexuelles et polygames.

77 députés ont voté pour cette loi, trois y ont été opposés et quatre se sont abstenus.

Selon ce texte, toute information publique faisant de la publicité pour les relations homosexuelles, bisexuelles et polygames est considérée comme ayant un effet négatif sur la santé psychique, le développement physique, intellectuel et moral des mineurs.

La nouvelle loi ne prévoit toutefois aucune sanction particulière pour ceux qui ne la respecteraient pas.

"C'est un mardi noir", a déclaré à l'AFP Vladimir Simonko, le président du Conseil de la Ligue des gays lituaniens.

"C'est une homophobie institutionnalisée qui se met en place", a-t-il regretté.

Selon lui, les homosexuels lituaniens s'adresseront au président de la République pour lui demander de ne pas promulguer la loi. >>> AFP | Tuesday, June 16, 2009

IPS: Lithuania Throttles Gay Rights

BRATISLAVA - Rights groups are calling on EU leaders to act after Lithuanian lawmakers approved controversial legislation that they say makes homosexuals "second class citizens" and breaches European conventions on human rights.

The legislation passed by Lithuania's parliament this week bans the discussion of homosexuality in schools and any reference to it in public information available to children.

Gay and human rights groups have condemned the law, claiming it institutionalises homophobia, is discriminatory, and violates the right to freedom of expression.

They say it will also make gay youths more vulnerable, as teachers and other school students will be unable to provide information to them about homosexuality, or could be afraid to help them if they are bullied or attacked by peers.

They also believe it breaches the European Convention on Human Rights, and have called on members of the European Parliament (MEPs) and EU leaders to put pressure on the Lithuanian government and president, who has yet to sign the law into effect, to amend it. >>> By Pavol Stracansky | Friday, June 19, 2009

Iran: Tehran Metro 2009

The Iranian Royal Family until 1979: Before the Islamic Revolution

Iran's Exiled Queen Speaks
THE DAILY BEAST – BLOG: As protesters flood Iran’s streets, Farah Pahlavi—the deposed empress—recalls the lessons of the 1979 uprising that led to her husband’s painful exile. A conversation with The Daily Beast.

Empress Farah Pahlavi, née Farah Diba
Farah Diba Pahlavi, the former queen of Iran, remembers all too well the last time Iranian youths poured into the streets of Tehran, chanting, throwing rocks, and demanding change: It was the start of the revolution against her husband, the shah of Iran, which ultimately forced the royal couple into exile in 1979 and plunged her life into chaos.

Thirty years later, Pahlavi, who now lives in Paris, feels a new optimism as YouTube and Twitter bring news of the uprising in Tehran’s streets. She’s hopeful that she is watching the beginning of the end of Iran’s theocracy—and the three decades of repressive Islamic rule that followed her husband’s departure.

During her reign as Iran’s queen, Pahlavi was the Jackie O. of Iran—a graceful, glamorous figure known as an emphatic advocate for the arts. And even as her husband’s support waned as a result of his autocratic rule, his harsh treatment of political enemies, and close ties with the U.S., she was still admired for her glamour and warmth.

But a new HBO documentary has forced Pahlavi to come to terms with some of the grievances against her husband’s rule. The Queen and I, which airs on Wednesday, is the work of Nahid Persson Sarvestani, an Iranian revolutionary who wanted to reconcile her glamorous childhood image of Farah Diba with the monarch who caused so much pain and suffering for their people. She sought out Pahlavi, who agreed to participate. >>> The Daily Beast | Wednesday, June 17, 2009

THE DAILY BEAST:
Photo Gallery >>>

Iran: Mansour Osanloo - Freedom Will Come

With thanks to Reza Pahlavi (رضا پهلوی) >>>

India's Gay Community Fights for Dignity
THE GLOBE AND MAIL: The cop strode up to Rajiv M., gave him a shove and demanded to look in his backpack. Rajiv handed it over and the cop pulled out a condom, and asked why Rajiv had it. “I said it was for sex,” Rajiv recalls, a bold if obvious answer that he knew was going to irritate the cop. But he wasn't feeling deferential.

The police officer demanded Rajiv's money, and his cellphone. “I said, ‘Why should I give it to you?'“ The cop grew more menacing: Next he demanded oral sex. Rajiv refused that, too, so the cop hauled the slight 21-year-old to a nearby police station and began the motions of charging him with the crime of homosexuality. When eventually he realized that Rajiv's dad was also a police officer, he let the young man go.

This nasty little piece of attempted extortion took place not in a gay bar, not in an alleyway late at night, but in the middle of a hot spring afternoon in Delhi last year, when Rajiv was standing at a crowded bus stop. “It's India,” Rajiv said with a shrug full of bravado. “So he could do something like this in the open.”

Rajiv, tousle-haired and deliberately camp, told this story a few weeks ago at a Delhi drop-in centre for gay and transgendered men, where he goes a couple times a week. Everyone had a similar story, except most had gorier endings. All the men had been harassed and detained by police who demanded money and, with no trace of irony, also often wanted sex, with the threat of charging and exposing the victim as a homosexual.

The police invoke Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, the law that criminalizes “carnal intercourse against the order of nature,” including homosexual acts between consenting adults, with a possible sentence of life imprisonment. The law is almost never used for actual prosecutions: Men would have to be caught fully engaged in a sex act to hold up a case. No one has been convicted under 377 in 20 years. But few police officers are interested in actually enforcing the law. They prefer it as a blackmail tool.

Now, however, a fledgling gay community is waiting on tenterhooks for a verdict from the Delhi High Court, expected soon, on a public-interest litigation aimed at decriminalizing same-sex activity – and ending a plague of state-sanctioned homophobia that has led to rape, extortion, suicide and the spread of HIV-AIDS.

If they win – if the law is struck down, and many legal experts believe it will be – it will be a big shift in a still deeply conservative culture. There will be huge ramifications for India – where the courts seem to be out ahead of most of the population – and for the rest of South Asia and the developing world, where only a handful of countries have legally enshrined gay rights. >>> Stephanie Nolen, New Delhi | Friday, June 19, 2009