Muslim Students’ Robes Are Latest Fault Line for French Identity

THE NEW YORK TIMES: When the French education minister declared that the abayas favored by some Muslim women “can no longer be worn in schools,” he stoked a fierce debate over the country’s secular ideals.

A person in northern France wearing an abaya, which Gabriel Attal, the French education minister, declared in late August “can no longer be worn in schools.” | Denis Charlet/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
The mass French return to work, known as the “rentrée,” is often marked by renewed social conflict. This year has been no exception as the summer lull has given way to yet another battle over a recurrent national obsession: How Muslim women should dress.

Late last month, with France still in vacation mode, Gabriel Attal, 34, the newly appointed education minister and a favorite of President Emmanuel Macron, declared that “the abaya can no longer be worn in schools.”

His abrupt order, which applies to public middle and high schools, banished the loosefitting full-length robe worn by some Muslim students and ignited another storm over French identity.

The government believes the role of education is to dissolve ethnic or religious identity in a shared commitment to the rights and responsibilities of French citizenship and so, as Mr. Attal put it, “you should not be able to distinguish or identify the students’ religion by looking at them.” » | Roger Cohen, Reporting from Paris | Friday, September 15, 2023

Isn’t life strange? At the very time that Iranian women are fighting to be able to throw of the encumbrance of the abaya, young French students are fighting for their right to wear it!

In Iran, many young Iranian women have lost eyes and all sorts fighting for their right to be free. Young French Muslims don’t know how lucky they are that the French government is looking after their rights and interests.

How much longer must the long-suffering French authorities—and people—put up with this nonsense? These young girls are troublemakers; they are pushing their weight around; they are trying it on. This is politics; it is not religion. These young students are being perverse and unreasonable. Don’t they know, don’t they understand, that they go to school to be educated, not to make political statements?

One of the hallmarks of French society is laïcité, as these young women know only too well. Laïcité is there to ensure that all can live together in peace and harmony. The nearest word to laïcité in English is secularism, but there is a difference. Secularism stresses individual freedom of religion; but French laïcité stresses collective freedom from religion and religious institutions. Laïcité was born out of the desire to free French society from the shackles and domination of the Roman Catholic Church. This also explains why the French are sensitive about re-introducing religious symbolism back into everyday French life.

How lucky young French Muslim students are! They should therefore start appreciating the freedoms that the French government affords them; and they should look over their shoulders at their Iranian sisters in Islam, who are so oppressed by the Iranian government. If they did this, they would be able to start to appreciate the freedoms afforded them by the French government and society. – © Mark Alexander

If you would like to read more about French laïcité and US secularism, please click here.

Aux origines des divisions européennes: la question des racines chrétiennes

En frappant aux portes de l’UE, «l’Europe de l’Est» pensait au contraire retrouver son identité et la grande famille démocrate-chrétienne. Ints Kalnins/REUTERS
LE FIGARO : DÉCRYPTAGE - Si certains pays d’Europe centrale et orientale violent les règles de l’UE, ils reprochent à l’Ouest d’avoir renié son héritage chrétien

On reproche à juste titre à certains pays d’Europe centrale et orientale de s’être écartés des valeurs de l’Union européenne et de violer les règles garantissant l’État de droit et la démocratie. Freins à l’avortement, loi interdisant la «promotion» de l’homosexualité auprès des mineurs, fermeture des frontières aux migrants, instauration de «zones sans LGBT», restrictions à la liberté de la presse et à l’indépendance de la justice: les institutions de Bruxelles sont en conflit permanent avec la Pologne et la Hongrie, chefs de file de la rébellion. » | Par Isabelle Lasserre | mardi 7 septembre 2021

Réservé aux abonnés

L'Observatoire de la laïcité défend-il suffisamment la laïcité ? : LA VÉRIFICATION - Présidé par Jean-Louis Bianco, l'organisme qui conseille le gouvernement est accusé d'être trop conciliant avec l'islam politique. Est-ce vraiment le cas ? »

An Embattled Public Servant in a Fractured France

THE NEW YORK TIMES: Nicolas Cadène sees the failings of France’s secular model even as he upholds it.

PARIS — France is in theory a nondiscriminatory society where the state upholds strict religious neutrality and people are free to believe, or not, in any God they wish. It is a nation, in its self image, that through education dissolves differences of faith and ethnicity in a shared commitment to the rights and responsibilities of French citizenship.

This model, known as laïcité, often inadequately translated as secularism, is embraced by a majority of French people. They or their forebears became French in this way. No politician here would utter the words “In God we trust.” The Roman Catholic Church was removed more than a century ago from French public life. The country’s lay model supplants any deity.

But, in a country with an uneasy relationship to Islam, laïcité is also contested as the shield behind which France discriminates against its large Muslim population and avoids confronting its prejudices. As a result, the job of Nicolas Cadène, a mildly disheveled official with a mop of brown hair and multiple law degrees, has become a focus of controversy. » | Roger Cohen | Friday, January 1, 2021

Lire en français »

La laïcité face au mur d’incompréhension

LE FIGARO: Editorial. En accordant un entretien à Al-Jazira, M. Macron a voulu faire œuvre de pédagogie. L’effort est méritoire, mais surmonter le ressentiment du monde arabo-musulman et le scepticisme des pays anglophones requiert davantage.

Editorial du « Monde ». Six ans, bientôt, après la tuerie de Charlie Hebdo, deux semaines après l’assassinat du professeur d’histoire Samuel Paty, décapité pour avoir montré des caricatures de Mahomet à ses élèves, et quelques jours après le massacre de trois fidèles à la basilique Notre-Dame-de-l’Assomption à Nice, il est clair que la conception française de la laïcité se heurte à un mur d’incompréhension dans le monde arabo-musulman et dans les pays de culture anglophone. Loin de dissiper ces doutes, le discours d’Emmanuel Macron sur le séparatisme, prononcé aux Mureaux le 2 octobre, puis ses propos lors de la cérémonie d’hommage national à Samuel Paty, les ont encore accrus. » | ÉDITORIAL | lundi 2 novembre 2020

A 'Catholic' President? French Conservative Fillon Breaks with Secularism

Is French Secularism Feeding Islamophobia? – UpFront

We discuss France's use of emergency powers, and debate if the country has a secular double standard on Islam.

Islam Can Co-exist with French Values: Hollande

President François Hollande says that Islam could co-exist with secularism, warning in a key speech seen as preparing the ground for a re-election bid that the anti-terror fight should not undermine French values .

Inside Story - Can Islam Be Integrated With French Secularism?

France Struggles to Separate Islam and the State

ABC NEWS: Riots broke out over a full-face Islamic veil. A woman may have lost her unborn baby in another confrontation over her face covering. Tensions flared over a supermarket chain's ad for the end-of-day feast for the Muslim holy month of Ramadan.

France's enforcement of its prized secularism is inscribed in law, most recently in a ban on wearing full-face veils in public. Meant to ensure that all faiths live in harmony, the policy instead may be fueling a rising tide of Islamophobia and driving a wedge between some Muslims and the rest of the population.

Yet ardent defenders of secularism, the product of France's separation of church and state, say the country hasn't gone far enough. They want more teeth to further the cause that Voltaire helped inspire and Victor Hugo championed, this time with a law targeting headscarves in the work place.

A new generation of French Muslims — which at some 5 million, or about eight percent of the population, is the largest in Western Europe — is finding a growing voice in a nation not always ready to accommodate mosques, halal food and Muslim religious dress. Political pressure from a resurgent far-right has increased the tension. » | Elaine Ganley, Associated Press | Trappes, France | Monday, July 29, 2013

France’s Burka Ban Is a Victory for Tolerance
THE DAILY TELEGRAPH: Britain’s politicians take fright at the idea – but Sarkozy’s brave step is both popular and right, says William Langley.

Despite some high-profile protests, France’s banning of the burka is enormously popular with the public. Unfortunately, as in Britain, almost anything politicians do that the voters approve of tends to be denounced as populisme – a particularly dread charge among the over-earnest French political class – and instead of enjoying the deserved benefits, President Nicolas Sarkozy has found himself on the defensive.

Sarko’s modest measure (the burka is forbidden only in public places, the fines are piffling and the enforcement procedures incomprehensible) has led to much talk of sledgehammers and nuts, warnings of an apocalyptic Muslim backlash and claims that the Republican tradition of liberté is being compromised in a seedy ploy to combat the resurgence of the hard-Right Front National under its new leader Marine Le Pen.

Almost anything, in fact, than an acknowledgement that the public overwhelmingly sees the ban as right for France, beneficial to its Muslim communities and justified – if on no other grounds – as a statement in support of liberalism against darkness. Approval runs right across the spectrum, with Fadela Amara, the Algerian-born former housing minister in Sarkozy’s government, calling the burka “a kind of tomb, a horror for those trapped within it”, and André Gerin, the Communist MP who headed the commission investigating the grounds for a ban, describing it as “the tip of an iceberg of oppression”.

So what do we get in Britain? Theresa May, the Home Secretary, rules out a ban because “it would be out of keeping with our nation’s longstanding record of tolerance”, while the Leftist commentariat continues – with apparent seriousness – to suggest that the face veil is a “lifestyle choice” and essentially no different from a balaclavas worn by middle-class types on the ski slopes of Courcheval. I suspect this thinking is going to have to change. Continue reading and comment » | William Langley | Monday, April 11, 2011

Fillon justifie le “nécessaire” débat sur la laïcité

Espagne: une loi pour exclure les crucifix des écoles
TRIBUNE DE GENÈVE: Le gouvernement espagnol prépare une loi sur la "liberté de religion" qui prévoit que l’Etat respecte une stricte "neutralité" en matière de religion, excluant notamment les crucifix des écoles publiques, indique dimanche le journal El Pais. Le gouvernement socialiste espagnol avait déjà annoncé en 2008 qu’il préparerait une loi pour un plus grand respect de la laïcité et du pluralisme religieux, dans un pays où l’église catholique demeure très présente et influente.

Le gouvernement espagnol prépare une loi sur la "liberté de religion" qui prévoit que l’Etat respecte une stricte "neutralité" en matière de religion, excluant notamment les crucifix des écoles publiques, indique dimanche le journal El Pais.

Le gouvernement socialiste espagnol avait déjà annoncé en 2008 qu’il préparerait une loi pour un plus grand respect de la laïcité et du pluralisme religieux, dans un pays où l’église catholique demeure très présente et influente.

Le quotidien de centre-gauche espagnol explique dimanche que d’après le texte de loi "en préparation", les funérailles d’Etat se dérouleront "sans aucun cérémonial à caractère religieux" alors qu’elles sont aujourd’hui généralement organisées selon le rite catholique.

Les pouvoirs publics devront respecter une stricte "neutralité face à la religion et aux croyances, en évitant toute confusion entre fonction publique et activités religieuses", selon le texte du projet de loi. >>> AFP | Dimanche 13 Juin 2010

Laïcité and the French Veil Debate
THE GUARDIAN: In France, unlike the UK, the debate over face-veils hinges on a much-cherished and uniquely French notion: laïcité

When the usually highly articulate Lord Pearson of Rannoch, the leader of the UK Independence Party (Ukip), raised the prospect of banning female face coverings early this year his choice of language summed up the poor level of debate on the subject. "We are not Muslim bashing", the peer said, "but this is incompatible with Britain's values of freedom and democracy." This mix of ugly vernacular and banal generalisation was far from impressive. Rather than convincing people that the burqa (the cloak that covers a woman from head to foot, most often seen in Afghanistan) and the niqab (the more genuinely Islamic veil that conceals a woman's face) were an affront to traditional British values, he merely played into the hands of racists who detest most manifestations of foreign cultures, and especially ones linked – however spuriously – with alien religions.

France, by contrast, is largely pursuing its own burqa and niqab debate within the context of the country's commitment to the secular society, or , as it is referred to on the other side of the Channel. When the country imposed a ban on religious symbols, including the Islamic headscarf, in state schools in 2004, it was not because they weren't French enough, but because they were not secular. A burqa and niqab ban can, according to this reasoning, be imposed outside any nationalistic debate.

That said, in June last year President Nicolas Sarkozy was widely criticised for targeting full-veil wearers as part of his Ukip-style national identity debate. He wanted to attract supporters of the increasingly discredited Front National party to his own cause, declaring both burqas and niqabs to be "an affront to Republican values". Like Ukip, Sarkozy argued that the garments had no basis in Islam, were a threat to gender equality, marginalised women, and endangered public safety because terrorists could use them to hide their identity, or every kind of criminal, from bank robbers to shop lifters, could use them to steal. As Sarkozy told a recent cabinet meeting: "Citizenship should be experienced with an uncovered face. There can be no other solution but a ban in all public places." >>> Nabila Ramdani | Sunday, May 23, 2010

No Burqas in France? Ruling Party Moves to Ban Veils in Public
A woman wears a burqa as she shops with her family at a street market in Roubaix northern France, August 9, 2009. France's ruling party has announced plans to present a bill to ban Islamic veils in all public places. Photograph: The Christian Science Monitor
THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR: The new effort to outlaw the full-length veil - niqabs and burqas - in public trumps earlier efforts to ban it only in some official buildings. The move comes at a time when French Muslims say they are being targeted as outsiders or not fully French.

Paris: The French ruling party of President Nicolas Sarkozy now affirms it will present a bill to ban full-length Islamic veils in all public places in France. It won't wait for the results of a parliamentary inquiry into the all-covering niqab and burqa to be published. The move adds fuel to an increasingly hot debate on French identity that has minorities here upset.

A nationwide identity debate, engineered by the ruling UMP party last month, has evolved into an embarrassingly unruly discussion about Muslims and northern Africans in France. And it comes on the heels of a surprise vote in neighboring Switzerland last month to outlaw the construction of new minarets at Muslim worship sites.

The UMP effort to outlaw the full-length veil in public trumps earlier efforts to ban it only in some official buildings, and comes at a time when French Muslims say they are being targeted as outsiders or not fully French.

Yet UMP party leader Jean-François Cope yesterday said veils that cover a woman’s entire face are a “violation of individual liberty” and a “negation” of one’s identity and that of others in a public milieu.

Under the proposed law, women would not be able to move in public with their faces fully covered. The legal rendering is that burqas and all-covering niqabs are a public order issue, and not a religious practice issue - as is the French ban on headscarves in schools, which has been carried out to uphold French secularism, known as laïcité.

Offenders wearing veils would receive a fine – though lawmakers now say there will be a period of mediation following the initial charge. Vote expected in early Jan >>> Robert Marquand, Staff writer | Wednesday, December 23, 2009

Le séjour du pape en France suscite inquiétude et critiques des laïcs
LE MONDE: Les visites papales en France donnent traditionnellement lieu à des manifestations d'associations attachées à une stricte séparation des Eglises et de l'Etat. La venue de Benoît XVI, du 12 au 16 septembre, à Paris et à Lourdes, suscite les inquiétudes de divers mouvements laïques, d'associations de défense des droits des femmes et de syndicats.

La Fédération nationale de la libre pensée, présidée par l'ancien secrétaire général de Force ouvrière, Marc Blondel, s'insurge contre le financement public du séjour du pape en France. Chef spirituel des catholiques, le pape a aussi un statut de chef d'Etat (le Vatican), qui bénéficie, lors de ses déplacements à l'étranger, du protocole réservé aux responsables politiques par le ministère des affaires étrangères. Le séjour du pape en France suscite inquiétude et critiques des laïcs >>> LE MONDE | 09.09.08

The Dawning of a New Dark Age (Broché) >>>
The Dawning of a new Dark Age (Relié) >>>

Mufti of Paris, Dalil Boubakeur, Wants Moratorium on the 1905 French Law Separating Church and State
BRUSSELS JOURNAL: The mufti of the Paris mosque, Dalil Boubakeur, has dropped what amounts to a political and religious bomb. He proposes a moratorium on the French law of 1905 separating Church and State, because not enough mosques are being built in France.

Besides his position as mufti, he is the president of the CFCM (French Council of the Muslim Faith), an association officially established in 2003 thanks to the efforts of Minister of the Interior Nicolas Sarkozy.


Questioned by Le Monde, Mr. Boubakeur set forth the idea of a “moratorium of 10 to 20 years” on the 1905 law, which forbids all public funding of places of worship, so that Islam can “catch up” on its needs. “The associations that administer houses of worship need to be given air to breathe,” he says.

This has to be one of the most daring statements made yet by a Muslim leader in France. There are at least 1500 mosques and prayer rooms in France, 75 in Paris alone.

Dalil Boubakeur’s proposal to suspend the 1905 law has incensed France’s radical secularists, the advocates of “laïcité,” who see in his words a predictable maneuver, welcomed by the State and Churches alike, for the purpose of restoring the power of religion to all spheres of French life.

Militants of “laïcité” are convinced that Nicolas Sarkozy intends, through modifications to the existing law, to impose his view of the equality of all religions onto the French people, instead of maintaining the strict separation that has been enforced until recently when Islam came into the picture. Can of Worms: Mufti Wants Moratorium on French Law Separating Church and State >>> By Tiberge

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