Showing posts with label Berlin Wall. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Berlin Wall. Show all posts

Friday, November 08, 2024

The Fall of the Berlin Wall - The Beginning of the End of the GDR | DW Documentary

Nov 8, 2024 | The Berlin Wall divided Germany for almost 30 years. It tore families apart and destroyed lives. Both the construction and the fall of the Wall were key moments in German history -- and beyond. The film explores the history of this important structure.

The construction of the Wall was preceded by a veritable countdown. The supporters of the Wall defended it as an "anti-fascist protective rampart” and a bulwark against capitalism. Nearly three decades later, the Wall’s supporters were taken by surprise, unable to prevent it from coming down without risking a global crisis.

Back in 1961, it was just as hard to believe that a political system would imprison its own people as it seemed impossible, 28 years later, that the Wall could fall peacefully. The fall of the Wall was also preceded by a countdown. The film recounts the milestones that, starting with the autumn of 1988, culminated in the historic fall of the Wall in November 1989.


Saturday, October 06, 2018

Gorbachev and the Opportunity for Peace Wasted | DW Documentary


Mikhail Gorbachev wrote world history with his politics: from the 1985 elections to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War. [Online until: 02.11.2018]

This documentary looks at one of the most gripping chapters in contemporary history from the election of Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985 to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War four years later. It features exclusive interviews with the former Soviet leader and leading politicians and statesmen active on the international stage at the time. Mikhail Gorbachev was elected Secretary-General of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985. His policies of "glasnost" - "openness" - and "perestroika" - "restructuring" - ultimately ended in the collapse of Moscow’s empire and changed the course of world history. But in the end, his legacy is still at best an ambiguous one. This documentary examines one of the most exciting chapters in contemporary history since the Second World War and talks to former French Foreign Minister Hubert Védrine and German politician Horst Teltschik, both of whom played important roles in German reunification. Gorbachev's former national security adviser Alexander Likhotal and others also chart the way nuclear weapons have continued to spread throughout the multipolar world that grew out of the end of the Cold War. Could this new arms race bring us to the brink of nuclear war again? The film draws on the wisdom and experience of men who ushered in the end of the Cold War to ask how real peace can be achieved.


Sunday, November 09, 2014

Berlin Wall: Thousands of Balloons Released to Mark Fall


BBC: Some 8,000 helium balloons have been released into the night sky over Germany's capital at the culmination of events to mark the 25th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Earlier, Chancellor Angela Merkel said the fall of the wall had shown the world that dreams could come true.

Tens of thousands of people attended events, including a "citizen's party" at the Brandenburg Gate.

The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to stop people fleeing the communist East.

Its fall in 1989 became a powerful symbol of the end of the Cold War.

The white balloons - perched on 3.6m poles to match the height of the wall and stretching for 15km (nine miles) - were released one by one to symbolise its disappearance.

The Berlin State Orchestra under Daniel Barenboim played Beethoven's Ode to Joy.

The release came amid a massive open-air party at the Brandenburg Gate. Earlier at the party, UK performer Peter Gabriel sang a version of David Bowie's Heroes. (+ videos) » | Sunday, November 09, 2014

Saturday, November 08, 2014

Yearning for Freedom Brought Down Berlin Wall, Says Merkel

REUTERS.COM: (Reuters) - German Chancellor Angela Merkel said on Saturday an irrepressible yearning for freedom brought the Berlin Wall tumbling down 25 years ago and called it a "miracle" that the Cold War barrier was breached without a shot being fired.

Speaking on the eve of Sunday's celebrations to mark the 25th anniversary of the Berlin Wall's collapse, Merkel said Germany would always be grateful for the courage of East Germans who took to the streets to protest the Communist dictatorship.

"It was a day that showed us the yearning for freedom cannot be forever suppressed," Merkel said in a speech in Berlin. "During the course of 1989 more and more East Germans lost their fears of the state's repression and chicanery, and went out on the streets. There was no turning back then. It is thanks to their courage the Wall was opened."In a country with few cheerful anniversaries to celebrate after its belligerent 20th century history, Germans have latched onto memories of the peaceful East German revolution that brought down the Berlin Wall on a joyful Nov. 9, 1989. » | Erik Kirschbaum | Saturday, November 08, 2014

Berlin Wall: Thomas Kielinger and Gisela Stuart's Memories


Thursday, November 04, 2010

Tuesday, November 10, 2009

Hillary Clinton Scrubs Ronald Reagan from History

THE TELEGRAPH – BLOG – Nile Gardiner: It’s bad enough that President Obama could not be bothered to attend the celebrations marking the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall. But Hillary Clinton’s refusal to even acknowledge the role played by Ronald Reagan in the Wall’s demise as well as the downfall of Communism was highly insulting towards one of the greatest figures of our time, and reeked of petty and partisan mean-spiritedness.

The Secretary of State’s remarks yesterday in Berlin completely erased from history the huge contribution played not only by President Reagan but also by the United States in confronting the Soviet Empire. In her speech she applauded half of Europe, but could not bring herself to thank those Americans who bravely served their country and in many cases laid down their lives in defeating Communism, under Reagan’s leadership. >>> Nile Gardiner | Tuesday, November 10, 2009

Ronald Reagan: Tear Down This Wall!



THE TELEGRAPH – BLOG – Toby Harnden: Not enough about him? Barack Obama skips Berlin Wall ceremonies >>> Toby Harnden | Monday, November 09, 2009

Monday, November 09, 2009

The Berlin Wall Falls: November 9, 2009

YouTube video Special Report: Peter Jennings delivers "astonishing news" out of Germany >>>

Berlin Wall 1961 - 1989



Quand le mur est tombé : Aujourd’hui, l’Allemagne se souvient

LE TEMPS: Berlin fêtait avec éclat lundi le vingtième anniversaire de la chute du Mur, une page d’histoire qui sonnait la fin de la guerre froide et annonçait la réunification de l’Allemagne et de l’Europe.

La chancelière Angela Merkel a ouvert ce matin les célébrations en participant à un service religieux dans l’église de Gethsemani à Berlin-est, un des hauts lieux de la contestation et des manifestations qui ont contraint la RDA communiste à ouvrir ses frontières, le 9 novembre 1989.

Toute l’Europe est attendue au rendez-vous, avec les représentants des quatre puissances qui ont occupé l’Allemagne depuis la défaite en 1945 à sa réunification en 1990, Etats-Unis, Russie, Grande-Bretagne et France.

Les chefs d’Etats et de gouvernement se retrouveront dans la soirée avec une foule attendue de quelque 100.000 personnes à la Porte de Brandebourg, symbole de Berlin par où passait le «mur de la Honte» construit en 1961 pour empêcher les citoyens de RDA de passer à l’Ouest.

Le président russe Dmitri Medvedev participera aux célébrations comme le dernier dirigeant de l’Union soviétique, Mikhaïl Gorbatchev, qui décida de ne pas réprimer les mouvements de réformes et permis aux satellites de l’URSS de retrouver leur liberté.

La secrétaire d’Etat Hillary Clinton, qui représente les Etats-Unis, a appelé l’Europe et l’Amérique à de nouveaux efforts pour «renverser les murs» de l’intolérance religieuse.

«Le mur qui emprisonnait la moitié d’une ville, la moitié d’un pays, la moitié d’un continent a été emporté par la plus grande force qui soit – l’esprit indomptable d’hommes et de femmes», devait déclarer le Premier ministre britannique Gordon Brown dans un discours dont le texte a été diffusé à l’avance. >>> AFP | Lundi 09 Novembre 2009

Berlin fête ses vingt ans de liberté

Le mur de dominos, qui s'étend de la Potsdamer Platz à la rivère Spree, doit s'écrouler lundi soir, symbolisant l'ouverture démocratique et la liberté. Crédits photo : Le Figaro

LE FIGARO: La ville présente lundi soir un show médiatique planétaire.

Vingt ans après la chute du Mur, le centre de Berlin est de nouveau divisé. Dressée à l'endroit exact où s'élevait le mur de la honte, une barrière de dominos sépare la capitale allemande. Hautes de 2,50 mètres, les 1000 stèles multicolores, toutes décorées de motifs différents, sont alignées le long des édifices les plus symboliques de Berlin : la porte de Brandebourg, le Mémorial de l'Holocauste et le Reichstag, où siège le Parlement allemand.

Le mur de dominos, qui s'étire sur un 1,5 km de la Potsdamer Platz jusqu'à la rivière Spree, doit s'écrouler lundi soir, symbolisant ainsi l'effondrement de la dictature communiste, l'ouverture démocratique et la liberté. L'ancien président polonais Lech Walesa renversera le premier domino. «J'ai le mandat de le faire, la Pologne a ce mandat, car c'est en 1980, à Gdansk, que le premier mur était tombé, au cours des grèves des chantiers navals qui ont donné naissance à Solidarité, le premier syndicat indépendant du bloc communiste, a-t-il souligné. Nous avons vaincu le communisme, et les gens en Allemagne de l'Est ont commencé à fuir via les ambassades d'autres pays. Le mur de Berlin est tombé grâce aux fugitifs. Je m'inquiétais que le leader soviétique Mikhaïl Gorbatchev décide de stopper la fuite des masses et détruise ainsi notre victoire. Le jeu était dangereux. Il est bon que Gorbatchev ait été un homme politique faible et que tout se soit bien passé.»

Les dominos en polystyrène ont été peints par des écoliers à travers le monde, notamment là où des murs divisent toujours des peuples, comme en Israël et dans les Territoires palestiniens ou à Chypre. Mais aussi par des personnalités symbolisant le combat pour la liberté et la réconciliation, comme le Sud-Africain Nelson Mandela ou le chef d'orchestre israélo-argentin, Daniel Barenboïm.

Des dizaines de milliers de Berlinois et de touristes étrangers, venus assister à la «fête de la liberté», se photographient le long de ce mur symbolique et admirent les fresques.

Lundi soir, les organisateurs attendent des centaines de milliers de spectateurs le long du parcours. Daniel Barenboïm, qui avait donné un concert pour les Allemands de l'Est il y a vingt ans à la Philharmonie de Berlin, dirigera l'ouverture des festivités à la tête de la Staatskapelle. >>> Patrick Saint-Paul, correspondant du Figaro à Berlin | Lundi 09 Novembre 2009

Mauerfall Jubiläum: Die Welt schaut auf Berlin

ZEIT ONLINE: Ein wichtiger Tag für Deutschland: Zeitzeugen, Staatsgäste und Hunderttausende Menschen aus aller Welt feiern in Berlin den 20. Jahrestag des Mauerfalls.

Dort, wo einst die Mauer Berlin teilte, stehen am Montag farbenfrohe Dominosteine. Sie sollen am Abend fallen und so den Mauerfall vor 20 Jahren symbolisieren. Bild: Zeit Online


Deutschlandweit wird am Montag mit zahlreichen Veranstaltungen, Aktionen und Gedenkstunden der 20. Jahrestag des Mauerfalls gefeiert. Mittelpunkt der Feierlichkeiten ist Berlin, wo zahlreiche Gäste aus aller Welt erwartet werden. Doch auch im Ausland findet die Erinnerung an die friedliche Revolution in der DDR und den historischen Tag, der die Beendigung des Kalten Krieges und der Blockkonfrontation in der Welt einleitete, große Aufmerksamkeit.

Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel (CDU), Berlins Regierender Bürgermeister Klaus Wowereit (SPD) und Bundespräsident Horst Köhler treffen mit Staatsgästen und Zeitzeugen aus aller Welt zusammen – darunter US-Außenministerin Hillary Clinton, der britische Premier Gordon Brown, der französische Staatspräsident Nicolas Sarkozy, der ehemalige sowjetische Staatspräsident Michail Gorbatschow und der frühere Solidarnosc-Vorsitzende und spätere polnische Staatspräsident Lech Walesa.

Am Nachmittag wird Merkel gemeinsam mit Zeitzeugen und Politikern dort entlanggehen, wo sich einst der Grenzübergang Bornholmer Straße befand, der unter dem Druck der dort versammelten DDR-Bürger als erster in der Nacht des 9. November 1989 geöffnet wurde. Höhepunkt der Feierlichkeiten ist am Abend das "Fest der Freiheit" am Brandenburger Tor. >>> Von Matthias Schlegel und Andrea Dernbach | Montag, 09. November 2009

NZZ ONLINE: «Berlin hat eine Bedeutung für die ganze Welt» : Angela Merkel empfängt Hillary Clinton im Bundeskanzleramt>>> ap | Montag, 09. November 2009

NZZ ONLINE: «Deutsche Einheit ist noch nicht vollendet» : Merkel ruft zu weiterer Angleichung der Lebensverhältnisse auf>>> ap | Montag, 09. November 2009
Free Market Flawed, Says Survey

BBC: Twenty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, a new BBC poll has found widespread dissatisfaction with free-market capitalism.

In the global poll for the BBC World Service, only 11% of those questioned across 27 countries said that it was working well.

Most thought regulation and reform of the capitalist system were necessary.

There were also sharp divisions around the world on whether the end of the Soviet Union was a good thing.

Economic regulation

In 1989, as the Berlin Wall fell, it was a victory for ordinary people across Eastern and Central Europe.

It also looked at the time like a crushing victory for free-market capitalism.

Twenty years on, this new global poll suggests confidence in free markets has taken heavy blows from the past 12 months of financial and economic crisis.

More than 29,000 people in 27 countries were questioned. In only two countries, the United States and Pakistan, did more than one in five people feel that capitalism works well as it stands.

Almost a quarter - 23% of those who responded - feel it is fatally flawed. That is the view of 43% in France, 38% in Mexico and 35% in Brazil.

And there is very strong support around the world for governments to distribute wealth more evenly. That is backed by majorities in 22 of the 27 countries.

If there is one issue where a global consensus seems to emerge from the survey it is this: there are majorities almost everywhere wanting government to be more active in regulating business. >>> James Robbins | Monday, November 09, 2009

20 Jahre nach dem Mauerfall: Weltweit große Unzufriedenheit mit Kapitalismus

WELT ONLINE: 20 Jahre nach dem Mauerfall und dem Niedergang des Kommunismus herrscht weltweit große Unzufriedenheit mit dem kapitalistischen Wirtschaftssystem. Jeder fünfte Befragte einer von der BBC in Auftrag gegebenen Studie spricht sich für eine vollkommen neue Wirtschaftsordnung aus.

Die Unzufriedenheit mit dem kapitalistischen Wirtschaftssystem ist 20 Jahre nach dem Mauerfall und dem Niedergang des Kommunismus sehr groß. Nach einer von der BBC in Auftrag gegebenen Studie waren nur elf Prozent der Befragten in 27 Ländern der Ansicht, dass der Kapitalismus in seiner derzeitigen Form gut funktioniert.

Lediglich in den USA (25 Prozent) und Pakistan (21 Prozent) war mehr als jeder Fünfte mit der aktuellen Wirtschaftsordnung zufrieden. Unter dem Eindruck der schlimmsten Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise seit den 30er-Jahren glaubten 51 Prozent der Befragten, dass die Märkte stärker reguliert werden müssen. Im Schnitt 23 Prozent meinten, dass eine vollkommen neue Wirtschaftsordnung geschaffen werden müsse.

„Es scheint, dass der Fall der Berliner Mauer nicht der überwältigende Sieg für die freie Marktwirtschaft gewesen ist, für den er damals gehalten wurde“, sagte Doug Miller, Chef der Umfrageinstituts GlobeScan, das gemeinsam mit der Universität von Maryland rund 29.000 Menschen befragte. „Einige Elemente des Sozialismus, etwa die gleiche Verteilung des Wohlstands durch die Regierung, sprechen viele Leute auf der Welt weiter an“, sagte Steven Kull von der Universität von Maryland. >>> AFP/dpa/fas | Montag, 09. November 2009

The Berlin Wall – Die Berliner Mauer – Le mur de Berlin



L'Allemagne a payé cher sa réunification

LE FIGARO: Berlin a investi des centaines de milliards pour redonner un nouveau souffle aux régions de l'ex-RDA qui se sont effondrées après la chute du Mur.

À l'occasion du vingtième anniversaire de la chute du Mur, l'amertume de beaucoup d'anciens citoyens est-allemands s'étale dans les journaux. Fini la sécurité de l'emploi et « le miracle économique » de la RDA décrit par la Banque mondiale dans les années 1970. Avec un taux de chômage de 11,8 % (contre 6,6 % pour l'Ouest), la situation écono­mique reste plus précaire dans les ­nouveaux Bundesländer, le nom officiel des régions issues de la RDA, que dans le reste du pays. Selon les dernières études, 250 000 jeunes femmes, plus diplômées et entreprenantes que les garçons, ont ­quitté leur région d'origine pour chercher du travail à l'Ouest, créant un déficit démographique qui s'ajoute au départ de 1,8 million de citoyens sur les 17 millions que comptait la RDA en 1989. Écoles et crèches ferment alors qu'on détruit des quartiers entiers des anciennes villes industrielles désertées.

En 1989, le chef de la RDA, Erich Honecker, s'enorgueillissait d'être à la tête d'une « des dix premières puissances industrielles du monde ». Mais la chute du Mur laissa ap­paraître la réalité de l'économie ­planifiée, et l'introduction du deutsche mark à parité de la monnaie de l'Est ­précipita en quelques mois son effondrement. Lorsque le Mur tombe sous les coups de boutoir de l'opposition réformatrice à l'automne 1989, la RDA est exsangue. >>> Caroline Bruneau | Lundi 09 Novembre 2009

Monday, October 19, 2009

'The Berlin Wall Was a Monster': Berliners describe how their city was divided by the wall and how a few risked their lives to escape from east to west

Watch Guardian video here | Rebecca Lovell, Francesca Panetta and Christian Bennett | Monday, October 19, 2009

Friday, September 25, 2009


Last East German Leader Still a Convinced Socialist

THE LOCAL: Communist East Germany's last leader Egon Krenz said this week he still believes socialism will triumph over capitalism in the end, almost 20 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall.

"I am still optimistic and cannot believe that capitalism, with all the crises it generates, can be history's very last word," Krenz, still sprightly at the age of 72, told reporters on Thursday.

Krenz took over from long-term communist leader Erich Honecker on October 18, 1989, as the regime vainly sought to regain control of a country engulfed in a peaceful revolution that brought down the hated Berlin Wall just three weeks later.

Eleven months on, communist East Germany, also known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a thing of the past as it merged with West Germany to form a single country.

But inequalities remain between the two halves of the country.

Just ahead of the twentieth anniversary of the fall of the Wall, unemployment is twice as high in the east, and eastern German towns are losing their youngest citizens as they seek work elsewhere.

"We've achieved quite a few things in reunified Germany, like building roads, motorways, and renovating town centres," Krenz said. "But at what price? Freedom without work isn't freedom," he added. "Today's walls in Germany are those separating the poor from the rich."

He also had some sharp words for Germany's current Chancellor Angela Merkel, who grew up in the GDR, saying she has been "bad" for the country.

But he took pleasure in pointing out that she once belonged to the communist youth organisation (FDJ) when she was growing up behind the Iron Curtain.

In Sunday's general election, which is expected to give Merkel a second term, he said he would vote for socialist party The Left, a party made of former GDR communists and defectors from the centre-left Social Democrats (SPD).

"I back its programme, so you know how I'll be voting," Krenz said. >>> AFP | Friday, September 25, 2009

Friday, August 28, 2009

Despite Progress, Former East Germany Still Lags Behind

Photobucket
Wittstock, East Germany. Photo: Spiegel Online International

SPIEGEL ONLINE INTERNATIONAL: Billions have been pumped into the former East Germany, but 20 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, its economy has not caught up with the West. A new report praises the progress so far but warns that the region needs well-educated young people and an influx of immigrants if it is to thrive.

When the Berlin Wall finally fell in November 1989, a wave of hope and optimism swept across Europe -- perhaps nowhere more so than in the once divided Germany. Hope, however, soon gave way to disillusionment as the collapse of the Socialist planned economies saw millions of people lose their jobs and many became nostalgic for their old way of life. In Germany, despite the pumping of massive funds into the former Communist East, the stark divisions in income and employment between the two halves of the country rapidly undermined the initial wave of enthusiasm for reunification.

Now, 20 years on, a new study on the economy in the former East has shown that while there has been huge progress in bridging that chasm, a significant gap still remains. While in the 1990s the two halves of the country saw their economies slowly converge, stagnation set in at the turn of the century and since 2008 they have actually begun to drift further apart again. The report by the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW) has found that there are still significant structural problems to be overcome. In particular the region has to battle a demographic slump and is in need of better qualified young people and immigrants to keep its economy growing. 'Exuberant Expectations' in 1989 >>> smd -- with wire reports | Friday, August 28, 2009