Inside Austria's Far-right Fraternities

Les cercles de l'Autriche ultra
Les Burschenschaften pratiquent des rituels elitists. Photo: L’Express
L’EXPRESS.fr: A Vienne et dans les grandes villes, une soixantaine de corporations pangermanistes, discrètes mais influentes, réunissent les partisans d'une idéologie aux accents néonazis. Et forment les cadres de l'extrême droite.

Heinz-Christian Strache, la nouvelle star de la politique autrichienne, est un orateur souriant et talentueux, qui bat des records de popularité auprès des jeunes. Mais il participe aussi, en toute discrétion, à des rituels initiatiques conduits dans des clubs élitistes et racistes...

Tribun populiste et eurosceptique, il aime se montrer dans les discothèques et sur les plateaux de télévision. Mais il adhère aussi à une corporation opaque, Vandalia Wien, pour l'honneur de laquelle il s'est battu en duel il y a cinq ans. La devise de ce club un peu particulier constitue, en soi, une forme de programme: "Allemand, uni, fidèle et sans crainte".

Le poids des corporations

Se définir comme un Allemand et vouloir devenir chancelier autrichien? Le paradoxe était déjà assumé par Jörg Haider, l'ex-leader charismatique de l'extrême droite locale, mort en octobre 2008 dans un accident de voiture.

Dans ce pays alpin, quand on veut faire carrière "chez les bleus", c'est-à-dire au sein du FPÖ (Parti autrichien de la liberté), mieux vaut faire allégeance à l'une des quelque 60 corporations pangermanistes toujours en activité, les Burschenschaften (au sens littéral, des "congrégations de jeunes hommes").

Dans le monde germanique du début du xixe siècle, les membres des premières corporations estudiantines, qui furent à la base des révolutions nationalistes de 1848, étaient unis par la haine de la France napoléonienne et des juifs, alors émancipés par l'envahisseur. Près de deux cents ans plus tard, ces clubs très privés aux doux noms mythologiques - Brixia à Innsbruck, Olympia à Vienne - restent, de fait, interdits aux femmes et aux juifs. >>> Par Blaise Gauquelin | Jeudi 16 Avril 2009

Billy Briggs –The Far Right Is On the March Again: The Rise of Fascism in Austria
MAILOnline: In Austria's recent general election, nearly 30 per cent of voters backed extremist right-wing parties. Live visits the birthplace of Hitler to investigate how Fascism is once again threatening to erupt across Europe.

Former Waffen SS officer and unrepentant Nazi Herbert Schweiger. Photo courtesy of the Mail Online
Beneath a leaden sky the solemn, black-clad crowd moves slowly towards a modest grey headstone. At one end 
of the grave, a flame casts light on the black lettering that is engraved on the marble. At the other end, an elderly soldier bends down to place flowers before standing to salute.

From all over Austria, people are here to pay their respects to their fallen hero. But the solemnity of the occasion is cut with tension. Beyond the crowd of about 300, armed police are in attendance. They keep a respectful distance but the rasping bark of Alsatians hidden in vans provides an eerie soundtrack as the crowd congregates in mist and light rain.

We’ve been warned that despite a heavy police presence journalists have often been attacked at these meetings. If trouble does come then the mob look ready to fight. There are bull-necked stewards and young men who swagger aggressively.

This is a neo-Nazi gathering and in the crowd are some of Austria’s most hard-faced fascists. Among them is Gottfried Kussel, a notorious thug who was the showman of Austria’s far-right movement in the Eighties and Nineties until he was imprisoned for eight years for promoting Nazi ideology.

Today he cuts a Don Corleone figure as he stands defiantly at the graveside. His neo-Nazi acolytes make sure no one comes near him and our photographer is unceremoniously barged out of his way.

Ominous-looking men with scars across their faces whisper to each other and shake hands. These are members of Austria’s Burschenschaften, an arcane, secretive organisation best known for its fascination with fencing, an initiation ceremony that includes a duel in which the opponents cut each other’s faces, and for its strong links to the far right.

Incredibly, standing shoulder to shoulder with these hard-line Nazi sympathisers are well known Austrian politicians. At the graveside, a speech is made by Lutz Weinzinger, a leading member of Austria’s Freedom Party (FPO)[sic], who pays tribute to the fallen. 

This is a gathering in memory of an Austrian-born Nazi fighter pilot, who during WWII shot down 258 planes, 255 of them Russian. Such was Major Walter Nowotny’s standing at the time of his death in 1944 that the Nazi Party awarded him a grave of honour in Vienna’s largest cemetery, close to the musical legends Mozart, Brahms and Strauss.

But in 2005 that honour was revoked and his body moved to lie in an area of public graves. The decision infuriated the far right and made their annual pilgrimage an even greater event.

Today, the anniversary of Nowotny’s death, also coincides with Kristallnacht, the ‘night of broken glass’ in 1938 when 92 people were murdered and thousands attacked across Germany as stormtroopers set upon Jews in an outpouring of Nazi violence.

Some 70 years on from that infamous pogrom, the world faces a similar financial crisis to the one that precipitated the rise of Hitler and, in chilling echoes of Thirties Europe, support for far-right groups is exploding. Hitler’s birthplace has become the focus for neo-Nazis across the world.

And so I [Billy Briggs] have come to Austria to investigate how Fascism and extremism are moving, unchecked, into the forefront of its society. >>> Billy Briggs | Saturday, March 14, 2009

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